The Real Estate Database can help increase exposure to renters so that property managers can get their properties in front of thousands of more potential tenants.

Tenants today are mostly using online tools to find a home for rent. This is one of the main reasons why property managers need to be using the RED to gain maximum exposure and get vacancies filled fast with qualified renters.

There are many benefits to using the RED, especially because it’s the number 1 way renters look for homes. And one of the biggest benefits to using the RED is the massive increase in marketing exposure.

The RED uses syndication technics to post your listings not on just the one listing portal but on many other major real estate rental listing like www.Lamudi.co.ug and www.Realtor.ug.

You can save a lot of time and money by reaching way more potential tenants faster and by getting your vacant property rented quicker.

The RED makes it easier to maximize leads from qualified tenants.

• A 5 year franchise term that is renewable
• An initial fee for the value of the franchise.
• Monthly royalties as a percentage total turnover/sales.

1. XML Feed:
   (The XML feed format is normalized and more detailed, thus it can be queried directly by your system)
2. CSV / Excel file:
   (The CSV format is not normalized since each listing is in one raw, and thus it has a limited number of 2 images)

This privacy policy has been compiled to better serve those who are concerned with how their 'Personally identifiable information' (PII) is being used online.

Please read our privacy policy carefully to get a clear understanding of how we collect, use, protect or otherwise handle your Personally Identifiable Information in accordance with our website.

What personal information do we collect from the people that visit our blog, website or app?

When ordering or registering on our site, as appropriate, you may be asked to enter your name, email address, mailing address, credit card information or other details to help you with your experience.

When do we collect information?

We collect information from you when you register on our site, place an order, subscribe to a newsletter, fill out a form or enter information on our site.

How do we use your information?

We may use such information in the following ways:

• To personalize user's experience and to allow us to deliver the type of content and product offerings in which you are most interested.
• To improve our website in order to better serve you.
• To allow us to better service you in responding to your customer service requests.
• To administer a contest, promotion, survey or other site feature.
• To quickly process your transactions.
• To send periodic emails regarding your order or other products and services.

How do we protect visitor information?

Our website is scanned on a regular basis for security holes and known vulnerabilities in order to make your visit to our site as safe as possible.

We use regular Malware Scanning.

Your personal information is contained behind secured networks and is only accessible by a limited number of persons who have special access rights to such systems, and are required to keep the information confidential. In addition, all sensitive/credit information you supply is encrypted via Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology.

We implement a variety of security measures when a user places an order enters, submits, or accesses their information to maintain the safety of your personal information.

All transactions are processed through a gateway provider and are not stored or processed on our servers.

Do we use 'cookies'?

Yes. Cookies are small files that a site or its service provider transfers to your computer's hard drive through your Web browser (if you allow) that enables the site's or service provider's systems to recognize your browser and capture and remember certain information. For instance, we use cookies to help us remember and process the items in your shopping cart. They are also used to help us understand your preferences based on previous or current site activity, which enables us to provide you with improved services. We also use cookies to help us compile aggregate data about site traffic and site interaction so that we can offer better site experiences and tools in the future.

We use cookies to:

• Help remember and process the items in the shopping cart.
• Understand and save user's preferences for future visits.
• Compile aggregate data about site traffic and site interactions in order to offer better site experiences and tools in the future. We may also use trusted third party services that track this information on our behalf.

You can choose to have your computer warn you each time a cookie is being sent, or you can choose to turn off all cookies. You do this through your browser (like Internet Explorer) settings. Each browser is a little different, so look at your browser's Help menu to learn the correct way to modify your cookies.

If you disable cookies off, some features will be disabled It will turn off some of the features that make your site experience more efficient and some of our services will not function properly.

How can you opt out, remove or modify information you have provided to us?

You can request to have your information removed by clicking on the Contact Us/Live Chat button on this or the home page.

Please note that we may maintain information about an individual sales transaction in order to complete that transaction and for record keeping purposes.

Third Party Disclosures

We do not sell, trade, or otherwise transfer to outside parties your personally identifiable information unless we provide you with advance notice. This does not include website hosting partners and other parties who assist us in operating our website, conducting our business, or servicing you, so long as those parties agree to keep this information confidential. We may also release your information when we believe release is appropriate to comply with the law, enforce our site policies, or protect ours or others' rights, property, or safety.

However, non-personally identifiable visitor information may be provided to other parties for marketing, advertising, or other uses.

Third party Links

Occasionally, at our discretion, we may include or offer third party products or services on our website. These third party sites have separate and independent privacy policies. We therefore have no responsibility or liability for the content and activities of these linked sites. Nonetheless, we seek to protect the integrity of our site and welcome any feedback about these sites.

Transfer Of Your Personal Information

Your information, including personal information, may be transferred to — and maintained on — computers located outside of your state, province, country or other governmental jurisdiction where the data protection laws may differ than those from your jurisdiction.

We will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance with this Privacy Policy and no transfer of your personal information will take place to an organization or a country unless there are adequate controls in place including the security of your data and other personal information.

Disclosure Of Your Personal Information

If we are involved in a merger, acquisition or asset sale, your personal information may be transferred. We will provide notice before your personal information is transferred and becomes subject to a different Privacy Policy.

Under certain circumstances, we may be required to disclose your personal information if required to do so by law or in response to valid requests by public authorities (e.g. a court or a government agency).

Retention of Your Personal Information

We will retain your personal information only for as long as is necessary for the purposes set out in this Privacy Policy. We will retain and use your information to the extent necessary to comply with our legal obligations (for example, if we are required to retain your data to comply with applicable laws), resolve disputes, and enforce our legal agreements and policies.

Information Regarding Your Data Protection Rights Under General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

For the purpose of this Privacy Policy, we are a Data Controller of your personal information.

If you are from the European Economic Area (EEA), our legal basis for collecting and using your personal information, as described in this Privacy Policy, depends on the information we collect and the specific context in which we collect it. We may process your personal information because:

• We need to perform a contract with you, such as when you create a Policy with us
• You have given us permission to do so
• The processing is in our legitimate interests and it's not overridden by your rights
• For payment processing purposes
• To comply with the law

If you are a resident of the European Economic Area (EEA), you have certain data protection rights. In certain circumstances, you have the following data protection rights:

• The right to access, update or to delete the personal information we have on you
• The right of rectification
• The right to object
• The right of restriction
• The right to data portability
• The right to withdraw consent

Please note that we may ask you to verify your identity before responding to such requests.

You have the right to complain to a Data Protection Authority about our collection and use of your personal information. For more information, please contact your local data protection authority in the European Economic Area (EEA).

Service Providers

We employ third party companies and individuals to facilitate our Website ("Service Providers"), to provide our Website on our behalf, to perform Website-related services or to assist us in analyzing how our Website is used. These third-parties have access to your personal information only to perform these tasks on our behalf and are obligated not to disclose or use it for any other purpose.

• Analytics

  • Google Analytics is a web analytics service offered by Google that tracks and reports website traffic. Google uses the data collected to track and monitor the use of our Service. This data is shared with other Google services. Google may use the collected data to contextualize and personalize the ads of its own advertising network.

    You can opt-out of having made your activity on the Service available to Google Analytics by installing the Google Analytics opt-out browser add-on. The add-on prevents the Google Analytics JavaScript (ga.js, analytics.js, and dc.js) from sharing information with Google Analytics about visits activity.

    For more information on the privacy practices of Google, please visit the Google Privacy & Terms web page: https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/

• Payments processors

  We provide paid products and/or services on our Website. In that case, we use third-party services for payment processing (e.g. payment processors).

  We will not store or collect your payment card details. That information is provided directly to our third-party payment processors whose use of your personal information is governed by their Privacy Policy. These payment processors adhere to the standards set by PCI-DSS as managed by the PCI Security Standards Council.

Contacting Us

If there are any questions regarding this privacy policy you may contact us.

What Is a Video Tutorial?

A video tutorial is an instructional video that provides step-by-step guidance on how to perform a specific task or learn a particular skill. It utilizes visuals and audio narration to make learning easier and more engaging for the audience.

Why Would You Make a Video Tutorial?

Video tutorials have become increasingly popular due to their effectiveness in conveying information. They are an excellent medium for teaching, training, and guiding users through complex processes. Whether you want to educate customers, train employees, or provide self-learning resources, video tutorials offer a powerful and versatile solution.

Benefits of Video Tutorials:

1. Encourages viewers to engage: Video tutorials capture viewers' attention through visuals and interactive elements, making the learning process more enjoyable and engaging.

2. The viewer has more control: Learners can pause, rewind, or fast-forward video tutorials, allowing them to set their own pace and review specific sections as needed.

3. Easier to follow: Visual demonstrations make it easier for viewers to understand complex concepts or procedures, reducing the chances of misinterpretation.

4. Increased accessibility and reach: Video tutorials can be accessed anytime and anywhere, making them convenient for a global audience with diverse learning preferences.

5. Easy self-teaching / learning: Video tutorials enable users to learn at their own convenience, without the need for a physical instructor, making it a cost-effective solution for self-paced learning.

Service Offerings:

1. Step-by-step script writing: Zillion Technologies Limited offers the option to have a script written for you at an additional charge of USD 0.25 per word. This service ensures a professionally crafted, comprehensive, and clear script to deliver an effective tutorial.

2. Chapter-wise breakdown: For lengthy tutorials, the script will be divided into chapters, each having its own video. This approach enables a structured and organized learning experience, ensuring that users can easily navigate through the content.

3. MP3 audio script approval: Before proceeding with the video creation, Zillion Technologies Limited provides the audio version of the script in MP3 format for your approval. This step ensures that the narration aligns with your requirements.

4. Mobile screen optimization: The video tutorials are tailored for mobile screens, with the assumption that the desktop version operates similarly. This allows users to access the content seamlessly on their mobile devices.

5. Dual video format delivery: Upon completion, you will receive both low-resolution and high-resolution video versions in MP4 format. The low-resolution version is ideal for online viewing, while the high-resolution version ensures optimal quality for offline viewing.

6. Versatile sharing options: All video formats can be freely posted and shared on various platforms and devices, maximizing accessibility for the target audience.

Target Audience:

The video tutorials cater to individuals and organizations involved in software/web development targeting mobile screens, both online and offline. Whether you are a developer, designer, or end-user, these tutorials offer valuable insights and knowledge to enhance your mobile app development skills.

Conclusion:

Zillion Technologies Limited's step-by-step video tutorial creation services are designed to provide a simple and user-friendly learning experience. With a professionally crafted script, engaging visuals, and mobile-friendly optimization, these tutorials offer effective guidance for your software development journey. Empower yourself or your clients and your team with these valuable resources to excel in the mobile app development landscape.

To experience a sample of our video tutorial, click here >> https://www.realestatedatabase.net/ListingsAdmin/REDManual.mp4.

This is a legal agreement ("Agreement") between you and the Real Estate Database (RED) and hence continuing to use the RED websites/plartforms implies that you agree to all the terms therein.

Please read the Agreement carefully before continuing with the use of the Real Estate Database services. By registering with the Real Estate Database, you become a member of the Service (a "Member"), and you agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Agreement (the "Terms") for as long as you continue to be a Member. If you do not agree to the terms, please do not register or continue using the Real Estate Database service. The terms are subject to change at any time and you are responsible to periodically review the agreement and any amendments, modifications or supplements thereto for possible changes.

Your membership may be terminated by you or the Real Estate Database at any time, for any reason, effective upon receipt of a one month (in advance) written notice from the other party. The Real Estate Database does reserve the right to immediately suspend or terminate your access to the Real Estate Database service, without notice, upon any breach of this Agreement by you, which is brought to the Real Estate Database's attention. The Real Estate Database does not issue refunds or credit of any sort for any unused time on the service, no matter the cause or reason. Your membership in the Real Estate Database service is for your sole, personal use. You may not authorize others to use your membership, and you may not assign or transfer your account to any other person or entity.

AS A MEMBER, YOU AGREE THAT:
You are solely legally responsible and liable to the Real Estate Database and to third parties for the content and the accuracy of information you publish or display or post on the Real Estate Database service and for your interactions with other Real Estate Database Members. the Real Estate Database reserves the right, but has no obligation, to monitor issues or disputes between you and other Members.

You will use the Real Estate Database service in a manner consistent with any and all applicable laws and regulations. You will not engage in listing, or solicitation of properties through the Service for which you have not received permission to do so. You will not post any material unrelated to the purchase or sale of properties. For example, you will not post photos or materials of a sexual or "adult" nature. the Real Estate Database reserves the right, but has no obligation, to reject or delete any material that does not comply with the foregoing. You are aware that you will receive and agree to accept periodic emails from the Real Estate Database, after registering or subscribing to the service, and these emails will be viewed as informational only and will not be viewed as "spam" emails. You agree that you will not make a claim against the Real Estate Database for the receipt of such informative emails.

You will not post, distribute or reproduce in any way any copyrighted material, trademarks, or other proprietary information without obtaining the prior consent of the owner of such proprietary rights and will defend and indemnify the Real Estate Database with respect thereto.

You will not post on the Real Estate Database service, or transmit to other Real Estate Database Members or Employees, any defamatory, inaccurate, abusive, obscene, profane, offensive sexually oriented, threatening, harassing, racially offensive, or illegal material, or any material that infringes or violates another party's rights (including, but not limited to, intellectual property rights, and rights of privacy and publicity).

Your company is a lawfully registered agency/entity; and thus has a trading license and operational premises with proper contact details which can be accessed on request within 48 hours. 

ACCESS TO PERSONAL DATA BY HOUSE HUNTERS
You acknowledge that inherent in the Real Estate Database concept is the ability of visitors to the website (house hunters) to access and use information you have posted on our site for the purpose of contacting you to purchase or sale of a home. For example, a website visitor will have access, among other things, to how many properties you have uploaded onto the Real Estate Database service, your e-mail address and other information of value to the visitor in assisting the purchase or sale of homes. You agree that such information you voluntarily entered into our database, including, without limitation, your e-mail address may be provided/displayed to the general public so as to contact you.

ONLINE CONTENT
The Real Estate Database does not represent any buyers, sellers, real estate sales agents or real estate brokers. We are an IT company and we simply act as a re-distributors of:- information, Opinions, advice, statements, offers, or other information or content made available through the Real Estate Database service. Brokers and their respective authors [and not of the Real Estate Database] are solely responsible for the content they upload and the Real Estate Database disclaims any and all liability with respect thereto. the Real Estate Database does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information on the service and neither adopts, endorses nor is responsible for the accuracy or reliability of any opinion, advice, or statement made. Under no circumstances will the Real Estate Database be responsible for any loss or damage resulting from anyone's reliance on information or other content posted on the Real Estate Database service, or transmitted to the Real Estate Database members.

INDEMNITY BY MEMBER; COVENANT NOT TO SUE
You will defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the Real Estate Database, its officers, directors, employees, agents and third parties, for any losses, costs, liabilities and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) relating to or arising out of your use of the Real Estate Database service, including any breach by you of the terms of this Agreement. You further covenant not to sue or make any claim against the Real Estate Database arising out of any information you obtain through the Real Estate Database, or your use of such information, including, without limitation, loss or injury arising from the acts of any third parties.

WARNING - PLEASE READ:
It is possible that other Real Estate Database Members or users (including unauthorized users, or "hackers") may post or transmit inappropriate materials on the Real Estate Database service and that you may be involuntarily exposed to such materials. It also is possible for others to obtain personal information about you due to your use of the Real Estate Database service, and that the recipient may use such information to harass or injure you. You understand and agree that the Real Estate Database is not responsible for the use of any personal information that you may choose to disclose as result of the Service.

PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
The Real Estate Database owns and retains proprietary rights to the Real Estate Database service and the contents or produts therein. The Service contains the copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information of the Real Estate Database and its licensors. In addition, other Members may post copyrighted information, which has copyright protection whether or not it is identified as copyrighted. Except for that information which is in the public domain or for which you have been given permission, you will not copy, modify, publish, transmit, distribute, perform, display, or sell any such proprietary information.

INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY MEMBER/span>
Subject to the Warning set forth above regarding unauthorized third party use, the Real Estate Database will keep confidential all information supplied by you to the Real Estate Database, including credit card numbers or other financial information, and shall use or disclose such information only for the purposes for which such information was collected, or as required by law. By posting information or content to any public area of the Real Estate Database, you automatically grant, and you represent and warrant that you have the unrestricted legal right to grant, to the Real Estate Database and to other Real Estate Database Members an irrevocable, perpetual, non-exclusive, fully-paid, worldwide license to use, copy, perform, display and distribute such information and content.

COMPLAINTS
To resolve a complaint regarding the Real Estate Database service, you should first contact the Real Estate Database Admin.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
the Real Estate Database provides the Real Estate Database service on an "as is" basis and grants no warranties of any kind, express, implied, statutory, in any communication with the Real Estate Database or makes its representatives, or otherwise with respect to the service. the Real Estate Database specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. the Real Estate Database does not warrant that your use of the Real Estate Database service will be secure, uninterrupted, always available, or error-free, or will meet your requirements.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
In no event will the Real Estate Database be liable (i) to you for any incidental, consequential, or indirect damages (including, but not limited to, damages for loss of data, loss of programs, loss of profits, cost of procurement of substitute services or service interruptions) arising out of the use of or inability to use the Real Estate Database service, even if the Real Estate Database or its agents or representatives know or have been advised of the possibility of such damages or (ii) to any person other than you. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Real Estate Database's liability to you for any cause whatsoever, and regardless of the form of the action, will at all times be limited to the amount paid, if any, by you to the Real Estate Database for the service during the term of membership.

In addition, the Real Estate Database disclaims all liability, regardless of the form of action, for the acts or omissions of other members or users (including unauthorized users, or "hackers") of the Real Estate Database service.

COUNTRY BY COUNTRY VARIATIONS
Certain jurisdictions limit the applicability of warranty disclaimers and limitations of liability so the above disclaimers of warranty and limitations of liability may not apply to you.

GENERAL PROVISIONS
You agree that Ugandan law (regardless of conflicts of law principles) shall govern this Agreement, and that any dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be subject to the courts located within Uganda. This Agreement, the contents of which are accepted and agreed to by you automatically and immediately upon your registration for the Real Estate Database service, contains the entire agreement between you and the Real Estate Database, regarding the use of the Service. This Agreement may be amended upon unilateral notice from the Real Estate Database to you or by a writing signed by you and an authorized official of the Real Estate Database. Unless otherwise explicitly stated, the Terms will survive termination of your membership to the Service. If any provision of this Agreement is held invalid, the remainder of this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect.

COPYRIGHT POLICY
Termination of User Privileges for Infringement or Suspected Copyright Infringement:

We will terminate or panelize any user who uses this Site to unlawfully transmit copyrighted material without a license, express consent, valid defense or fair use exemption to do so. In particular, users who submit User Content to this Site, whether articles, images, stories, software or other copyrightable material, must ensure that the content they upload does not infringe the copyrights nor other rights of third parties (such as privacy or publicity rights). After notification by the copyright holder or its agent to us of a claimed infringement, we will terminate or panelize the infringing users. We may also in our sole discretion decide to terminate a user's rights to use or access to the Site prior to that time if we have a good faith belief that the alleged infringement has occurred or if the user has failed to abide by the general rules and procedures of the website.

If you believe that your copyright has been infringed through the use of this Site, please contact our Customer Care team immediately

PART I - PRELIMINARY

Section

1. Application
2. Interpretation

PART II - TENANCY AGREEMENTS

3. Making of tenancy agreements.
4. Tenancy agreement of twenty five currency points or more to be in writing.
5. Landlord to give tenant copy of tenancy agreement

PART III - TERMS AND CONDITIONS IN TENANCY

Fitness for human habitation

6. Implied term as to fitness for human habi

Repairing obligations

7. Duty to keep premises in repair.
8. Exception to duty of landlord to repair premises.
9. Circumstances where tenant may repair pr mises.
10. Landlord responsible for taxes and rates.
11. Void terms and conditions in tenancy.

Section

PART IV - LIABILITY FOR UTILITY CHARGES

12. Utility charges for which tenant is liable.
13. Utilities charges for which landlord is liable.

PART V - DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF LANDLORDS AND TENANTS

14. Tenant not to use premises for unlawful purpose.
15. Tenant not to cause nuisance or interference.
16. Tenant not to damage premises or common areas.
17. Tenant to keep rented premises clean.
18. Tenant not to install fixtures or make alterations without consent.
19. Landlord to ensure quiet enjoyment.
20. Landlord not to refuse to rent on certain grounds.

PART VI - RENT AND SECURITY DEPOSIT

Rent

21. Tenant to pay rent.
22. Determination of rent under tenancy.
23. Accrual of rent.
24. Limit on rent in advance.
25. Receipts for rent.
26. Increase of rent.
27. Rent increase to take effect if tenant does not object or negotiate.
28. Decrease of rent in certain cases.
29. Failure to pay rent by tenant and claims for rent arrears.

Section

Security deposit

30. Security deposit.

PART VII - ASSIGNMENT OF TENANCY AND SUBLEASING OF PREMISES

31. Assignment of tenancy by tenant.
32. Subletting of premises.
33. Invalid assignment and subletting of premises.

PART VIII - TERMINATION OF TENANCY

Termination by landlord or tenant

34. Termination of tenancy to be in accordance with Act.
35. Termination by agreement.
36. Termination by vacation of premises with consent of landlord.
37. Termination of tenancy for specified time or event.
38. Termination after notice.
39. Termination by abandonment.
40. Termination upon death of sole tenant.
41. Tenant or landlord may challenge termination in court.
42. Termination notice not affected by certain factors.
43. Refusal by tenant to vacate premises after receipt of notice of termination.

PART IX - VACATION OF PREMISES, EVICTION AND RELATED MATTERS

44. Vacation of premises on termination of tenancy.
45. Unlawful eviction of tenant.

PART X - GENERAL

46. Landlord may charge fees for extra services.

Section

47. Reimbursement of costs by landlord or tenant.
48. Entry of rented premises by landlord.
49. Landlord and tenant may act through agent.
50. Amendment of Schedule.
51. Regulations.
52. Repeal of Cap. 231 and savings.

THE LANDLORD AND TENANT ACT, 2022.

An ACT to regulate the relationship of landlord and tenant; to reform and consolidate the law relating to the letting of premises; to provide for the responsibilities of landlords and tenants in relation to the letting of premises; and for related matters.

DATE OF ASSENT:

Date of Commencement:

BE IT ENACTED by Parliament as follows:

PART I- PRELIMINARY

1. Application

1. This Act applies to the letting of residential and business premises.
2. The Minister may, with the approval of Parliament, by statutory instrument, exempt particular premises from the operation of the Act.
3. Without limiting the general effect of subsection (2), this Act does not apply to the following arrangements:
   1. residence at an institution, whether public or private, where the residence is merely incidental to detention or to the provision of medical, religious, educational, recreational or similar services;
   2. residence in a hotel, motel, or other transient lodging; or
   3. occupancy of premises under a tenancy created or arising under the terms of a contract of employment or any premises entered into in relation to such a contract.

2. Interpretation

(1) In this Act unless the context otherwise requires—

"annoyance" in relation to a tenancy means the unwarranted, unreasonable, offensive or unlawful interference in the use or enjoyment of rented premises;

"assignment" means the transfer of the rights or interest in the tenancy from one person to another;

"business" includes trade, profession or employment and includes any activity carried on by a body of persons; whether corporate or unincorporate;

"business premises" in relation to a tenancy means premises occupied by the tenant for the purposes of a business carried on by him or her;

"court" means a court of competent jurisdiction and includes local council courts;

"currency point" has the value assigned to it in Schedule 1 to this Act;

"landlord" means a person who lets premises under a tenancy and includes his or her duly authorised agent or a person who is in lawful possession of the premises and has the right to let them;

"lease" includes a sublease;

"Minister" means the Minister responsible for housing;

"premises" means business or residential premises to which this Act applies;

"rent" in relation to a tenancy, means the amount paid to a landlord by a tenant to occupy premises and use facilities and services;

"rented premises" in relation to a tenancy to which this Act applies, means business or residential premises let under the tenancy;

"residential premises" means -

1. premises which are used solely as a home, residence, sleeping place by a tenant and includes housing estates, tenements, apartment buildings, mobile homes;
2. mixed-use premises which are used simultaneously for both residential purposes and to carry out a home-based business;

"services" in relation to a tenancy, means the use of water, light or power, conservancy, sewerage facilities, sweeper, watchman, telephone or other amenities or facilities available to the tenant except -

1. the supplying of means, and the right of access to any place or accommodation accorded to the tenant by reason of the tenant's occupation of the premises comprised in the tenancy;
2. capital expenditure on maintenance;

"tenancy" means a relationship created by a lease, agreement or assignment and includes a sub-tenancy but does not include a relationship between a mortgagor and mortgagee;

"tenancy agreement" means an agreement, in writing or otherwise, express or implied, under which a tenancy is created;

"tenant" means the person to whom premises are let under a tenancy;

"utilities" includes water, light or power, conservancy, sewerage facilities, sweepers, watchmen, telephone or other amenities or facilities available to the tenant.

(2) Notwithstanding anything in any other written law requiring the registration of tenancies, evidence of a tenancy may, for any of the purposes of this Act, be given in court, whether the tenancy is registered or not.

PART II - TENANCY AGREEMENTS

3. Making of tenancy agreements.
   1. A tenancy agreement may be;
      1. made in writing;
      2. by word of mouth;
      3. partly in writing and partly by word of mouth;
      4. in the form of a data message; or
      5. implied from the conduct of the parties,
         provided that where the parties execute a tenancy agreement, the landlord-tenant relationship between the parties shall be governed by the terms of the tenancy.
   2. A tenancy agreement in writing shall be in the form prescribed in schedule 2 to this Act, except that the parties may make some modifications to the prescribed form.
   3. Where a tenancy agreement is not in writing, the landlord shall keep a record
      1. of the particulars of the parties to the tenancy;
      2. of the premises comprised in the tenancy;
      3. in the case ofa non-citizen, ofthe details ofthe immigration status of the non-citizen; and
      4. of the details of the rent payable and the manner of payment.
   4. The landlord shall give the tenant a copy of the record kept under subsection (3) within fourteen days of the tenant taking vacant possession of the premises.
   5. A landlord shall not enter into a tenancy agreement—
      1. with an individual, unless the individual provides his or her national identification card or alien's identification card, or any other identification document; or
      2. with a legal person, unless that person provides details of registration or other form of incorporation.
   6. For the purposes of this section, "identification document" includes a national identification card, driving permit, passport or certified student identification card.
   7. This section shall not affect a tenancy agreement entered into under any other law requiring a tenancy agreement to be made in a specific manner.
4. Tenancy agreement of twenty five currency points or more to be in writing.
   A tenancy agreement of the value of twenty five currency points or more shall not be enforceable by action unless
   1. the agreement is in writing or in form of a data message; or
   2. the party against whom enforcement is sought admits that the agreement was entered into.
5. Landlord to give tenant copy of tenancy agreement.
   A landlord shall, immediately after a tenancy agreement is signed by the landlord and tenant, give a copy of the tenancy agreement to the tenant.

PART III - TERMS AND CONDITIONS IN TENANCY

Fitness for human habitation

6. Implied term as to fitness for human habitation.
   1. Where a tenancy is for the letting of residential premises there is implied
      1. a condition that the premises are fit for human habitation at the commencement of the tenancy; and
      2. an undertaking that the exterior of the premises and common areas shall be kept by the landlord, fit for human habitation, during the tenancy.
   2. Premises are not fit for human habitation under subsection
      1. where the premises do not meet the requirements of the Public Health Act or the Building Control Act, 2013.
   3. Without limiting the general effect of subsection (1), in determining whether premises are fit for human habitation, regard shall be given to the condition of the premises in respect of repair, stability, internal arrangements, natural lighting, ventilation, water supply, drainage and sanitary conveniences and facilities for preparation and cooking of food and for the disposal of waste water.
   4. Except in case of an emergency, a landlord may, at reasonable times of the day after giving twenty-four hours' notice in writing or otherwise to the tenant, enter premises for the purpose of viewing their state and condition.
      
      Repairing obligations
      
      
7. Duty to keep premises in repair.
   1. Subject to section 8, there is implied in every tenancy a term that the landlord shall keep the premises maintained in good repair save that the obligation shall extend to the exterior parts of the premises and common areas..
   2. In determining the standard ofgood repair under subsection
      1. regard shall be had to the age, character and prospective life of the premises and the locality in which the premises are situated.

8. Exception to duty of landlord to repair premises.
   1. The duty of the landlord to maintain the premises in good repair does not apply to repair of damage caused to the premises by the tenant's negligence or failure to take reasonable care.
   2. Where a tenant damages the premises or common areas, the landlord shall serve the tenant with a notice to repair the damage.
   3. The notice under subsection (2) shall be in the form prescribed by the Minister by regulations made under this Act.
   4. Except in the case of any emergency, where the landlord gives the tenant notice to repair under this section and the tenant does not repair the damage within fourteen days after the notice is given, the landlord may repair the damage at the expense of the tenant.
   5. After the landlord has effected repairs to the premises under subsection (4), the landlord shall serve the tenant with particulars of the cost of the repairs including the relevant supporting documentation to evidence the cost of the repairs.
   6. The tenant shall reimburse the landlord within a period of fourteen days after the notification by the landlord or the costs of the repairs may be deducted from any rent advance received by the landlord.

9. Circumstances where tenant may repair premises.
   1. A tenant may carry out repairs to the premises where
      1. the nature of the repairs required is urgent; or
      2. the tenant has taken reasonable steps to arrange for the landlord to carryout repairs and the tenant is unable to get the landlord to carry out the repairs after serving the landlord with fourteen days' notice of the need for and cost of repairs.
   2. For the purposes of subsection (1) urgent repairs includes
      1. repairs relating to burst water services;
      2. blocked or broken toilet systems;
      3. serious roof leaks;
      4. gas leaks;
      5. dangerous electrical faults;
      6. flooding or serious flood damage;
      7. serious storm or fire damage;
      8. failure or breakdown of any essential service or appliance provided by a landlord or agent for hot water, water, cooking, heating or laundry;
      9. failure or breakdown ofthe gas, electricity or water supply;
      10. an appliance, fitting or fixture that is not working properly and causes a substantial amount of water to be wasted;
      11. a serious fault in a lift or staircase; or
      12. any fault or damage in the premises that makes the premises unsafe or insecure.
   3. Where the tenant carries out repairs under subsection (1), the tenant shall immediately after carrying out the repairs give the landlord
      1. written notice of the repairs carried out;
      2. particulars of the costs incurred; and
      3. relevant supporting documentation to evidence the costs of repair.
   4. The costs of repair incurred by the tenant under this section shall be reasonable costs of repair at the prevailing market rates.
   5. The landlord shall, within fourteen days after receiving the notice, reimburse the tenant the costs of the repair.
   6. Where the landlord does not reimburse the tenant, the tenant shall recover the costs incurred for the repairs from the rent due and payable immediately after the repairs are carried out.
      
      
10. Landlord responsible for taxes and rates.
    1. There is implied in every tenancy a term that the landlord is responsible for the payment of all taxes and rates imposed by law in respect of the premises.
    2. Where a tenant pays any taxes or rates in respect of the premises, the landlord shall indemnify the tenant for the amount paid by the tenant.
       
       
11. Void terms and conditions in tenancy.
    1. Subject to section 3(1), a term in a tenancy, express or implied, is void where it purports to exclude, restrict or modify, or has the effect of excluding, restricting or modifying any provision of this Act.
    2. A term or condition in a written tenancy or any other agreement made under this Act that requires a party to a written tenancy agreement to bear any fees, costs or charges incurred by the other party in connection with the preparation of the tenancy agreement is void.

PART IV - LIABILITY FOR UTILITY CHARGES.

12. Utility charges for which tenant is liable.
    1. A tenant is liable for all charges in respect of the supply or use of electricity, gas, oil and similar services in respect of the tenant's occupation of rented premises that are separately metered, except the installation costs and charges in respect of the initial connection of the service to the rented premises.
    2. A tenant is liable for—
       1. the cost of all water supplied to the rented premises during the tenant's occupancy, if the cost is based solely on the amount of water supplied and the premises are separately metered; or
       2. that part of the charges based on the amount of water supplied to the premises during the tenant's occupation if the cost of water supplied is only partly based on the amount of water supplied to the premises and the premises are not separately metered.
    3. Notwithstanding subsections (1) and (2), a landlord may agree with the tenant to take over liability for any costs or charges for which the tenant is liable under subsection (1) or (2).
    4. An agreement under subsection (3) shall be in writing and signed by the landlord and tenant.
13. Utilities charges for which landlord is liable.
    1. A landlord is liable for
       1. the installation costs and charges in respect of the initial connection to rented premises of any electricity, water, gas, sanitation, sewerage or other utility service;
       2. all charges in respect of the supply or use of electricity, gas or oil by the tenant at rented premises that are not separately metered;
       3. all charges arising from a water supply service to separately metered rented premises that are not based on the amount of water supplied to the premises;
       4. all costs and charges related to a water supply service to and water supplied to rented premises that are not separately metered; and
       5. all charges related to the supply of sewerage services or the supply or use of the drainage services to or at the rented premises.
          
          
    2. In the case of sewerage disposal charges, the landlord and tenant may agree on the contribution to be made by the tenant.

PART V—DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF LANDLORDS AND TENANTS

14. Tenant not to use premises for unlawful purpose.
    A tenant shall not use the premises or permit the use of the rented premises for any unlawful purpose.

15. Tenant not to cause nuisance or interference.
    1. A tenant shall not use the rented premises or permit the use of the rented premises in any manner that causes a nuisance to any occupier of neighbouring premises.
    2. A tenant shall not—
       1. use the rented premises or common areas;
       2. permit his or her visitors to use the rented premises or common areas; or
       3. otherwise permit the use of the rented premises, in a manner that causes interferance with the reasonable peace, comfort or privacy of any occupier of neighbouring premises.

(2) For the purposes of this section "nuisance" includes any activity, condition or situation that interferes with another person's use or enjoyment of his or her premises.

16. Tenant not to damage premises or common areas.
    1. A tenant shall take care not to damage the rented premises or the common areas.
    2. A tenant who becomes aware of any damage to the rented premises or the common areas shall immediately give notice to the landlord specifying the nature of the damage.
       
       
17. Tenant to keep rented premises clean.
    A tenant shall keep the rented premises in a reasonably clean condition, except where the landlord is responsible under the tenancy agreement for keeping of the premises in that condition.

18. Tenant not to install fixtures or make alterations without consent.
    1. A tenant shall not, without the consent of the landlord, install any fixtures on the rented premises or make any alteration, renovation or addition to the rented premises.
    2. A tenant who has installed fixtures on or renovated, altered or added to the rented premises, whether or not with the landlord's written consent, shall before terminating the tenancy—
       1. restore the premises to the condition they were in immediately before the installation, renovation or addition; fair wear and tear excepted; or
       2. pay to the landlord an amount equal to the reasonable cost of restoring the premises.
    3. Subsection (2) does not apply where the tenancy agreement otherwise provides or where the landlord and tenant otherwise agree.
    4. For the purposes of this section, "fixture" means personal property of the tenant that is attached to the premises or part of the premises so as to be regarded as an irremovable part of the premises.
       
       
19. Landlord to ensure quiet enjoyment.
    A landlord shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that the tenant has quiet enjoyment of the premises during the tenancy.

20. Landlord not to refuse to rent on certain grounds.
    A landlord shall not refuse to rent premises to a person on the grounds of sex, race, colour, ethnic origin, tribe, birth, creed or religion, social or economic standing, political opinion or disability.

PART VI - RENT AND SECURITY DEPOSIT

Rent

21. Tenant to pay rent.
    1. A tenant shall pay the rent on the date and in the manner agreed upon by the landlord and tenant.
    2. The landlord shall issue a receipt upon payment of rent by the tenant.
    3. The receipt issued in sub section (2) shall be in the form prescribed in regulations issued by the Minister.
    4. A landlord letting out a business premise in a city or a municipality shall provide a tenant with his or her bank account number into which all rent payments may be deposited.
       
       
22. Determination of rent under tenancy.
    1. The rent payable for any premises under a tenancy shall be determined by mutual agreement of the parties to the tenancy.
    2. Except where the parties otherwise agree in their tenancy agreement, all rent obligations or transactions shall be expressed or settled in Uganda shillings.
       
       
23. Accrual of rent.
    For the purposes of this Act, rent under a tenancy accrues from day to day and is recoverable or refundable accordingly.

24. Limit on rent in advance.
    1. Subject to subsection (2), a landlord shall not require a tenant -
       
       1. in the case of tenancy of more than one month, to pay rent more than three months in advance; or
       2. in a case of tenancy of less than one month, to pay rent more than two weeks in advance.
    2. Subsection (1) does not apply where the tenant and landlord mutually agree that the tenant pays the rent beyond the period specified.
       
       
25. Receipts for rent.
    1. A landlord who receives a payment of rent from a tenant shall give a written receipt to the person making the payment—
       1. immediately; where the payment is made in person; or
       2. where the payment is not made in person and a receipt is requested at the time of making the payment; within five working days of receiving the payment.
    2. A receipt issued under subsection (1) shall be in the prescribed form and shall include, among others, the amount of and period for which rent is paid.
    3. A landlord shall keep a record of all receipts of payments of rent by the tenant.
       
       
26. Increase of rent.
    1. Except where the parties otherwise agree in their tenancy agreement, a landlord shall not increase rent at a rate of more than ten percent annually or such other percentage as may be prescribed by the Minister, by statutory instrument.
    2. A landlord shall give a tenant at least sixty days' notice, in the prescribed form, of a proposed increase in rent.
    3. A landlord under a fixed term tenancy shall not increase the rent before the term ends, unless the agreement provides for a rent increase within the fixed term.
    4. A landlord shall not increase the rent payable under a tenancy at intervals of less than twelve months.
    5. An increase of rent is invalid if it contravenes this section.
       
       
27. Rent increase to take effect if tenant does not object or negotiate.
    Where a tenant who does not object to a rent increase or reach an agreement with the landlord on the increase to be effected and the rent increase is in accordance with this Act, the tenant is taken to have accepted the rent increase.

28. Decrease of rent in certain cases.
    1. A landlord shall decrease the rent charged to a tenant where the landlord ceases to provide any agreed service with respect to the tenant's occupancy of the premises.
    2. A decrease in rent under subsection (1) shall be proportionate to the decrease of the services.
       
       
29. Failure to pay rent by tenant and claims for rent arrears.
    1. Where a tenant defaults in paying rent and is in arrears, the landlord may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction to recover the rent owed.
    2. Where the default in subsection (1) continues for a period of more than thirty days, the landlord shall be entitled to re-enter the premises and take possession in the presence of an area local council official and the police.
    3. The landlord's right of re-entry in subsection (2) shall not prejudice the landlord's right to recover the rent arrears.
    4. The Judicature (Small Claims Procedure) Rules, 2011 apply to any application to recover rent arrears under this section but only if the claim does not exceed the amount specified for small claims in the Judicature (Small Claims Procedure) Rules, 2011.

Security deposit

30. Security deposit.
    1. A landlord shall require a tenant to pay a security deposit for the purposes of securing the performance by the tenant of his or her obligations under a tenancy.
    2. A landlord shall not require more than one security deposit or require the payment of, or receive, under a security deposit, an amount exceeding the rent payable for one month's occupancy of the premises to which the agreement relates or one-twelfth of the rent for one year's occupancy of the premises to which the agreement relates, whichever is the lesser.
    3. The landlord shall specify to the tenant in writing the terms and conditions under which the security deposit or any part of it may be withheld by the landlord upon termination of the tenancy.
    4. Without limiting the general effect of subsection (3), a security deposit shall not be withheld on account of normal wear and tear resulting from ordinary use of the premises.
    5. The landlord shall provide the tenant with a written receipt for the security deposit.
    6. Where, during a tenancy, the status of landlord is transferred to another person, the security deposit shall be transferred and the successor landlord shall notify the tenant of the change.
    7. Where, during the tenancy, the tenant's premises are foreclosed upon and the tenant's deposit is not transferred to the successor owner after the foreclosure sale or other transfer of the property from the foreclosed-upon owner to a successor, the foreclosed-upon owner shall promptly refund the full deposit to the tenant immediately after the foreclosure sale or transfer.

PART VII—ASSIGNMENT OF TENANCY AND SUBLEASING OF PREMISES

31. Assignment of tenancy by tenant.
    1. A tenant shall not assign a tenancy without the written consent of the landlord.
    2. A landlord shall not unreasonably withhold consent to the assignment of a tenancy.
       
       
32. Subletting of premises.
    1. A tenant shall not sublease the whole or any part of the premises without the written consent of the landlord.
    2. A landlord shall not unreasonably withhold consent to the subleasing of the whole or any part of the premises.

33. Invalid assignment and subletting of premises.
    An assignment of a tenancy or subleasing of the whole or any part of the premises by a tenant without the consent of the landlord is invalid and immediately terminates the tenancy.

PART VIII—TERMINATION OF TENANCY

Termination by landlord or tenant

34. Termination of tenancy to be in accordance with Act.
    A tenancy shall not be terminated except in accordance with this Act, or with the tenancy agreement.
    
    
35. Termination by agreement.
    1. A tenancy may be terminated by agreement of the landlord and tenant.
    2. An agreement under subsection (1) shall state the date on which the tenant shall vacate the premises.

36. Termination by vacation of premises with consent of landlord.
    1. A tenancy terminates where the tenant vacates the rented premises with the consent of the landlord.
    2. The consent given under subsection (1) may be written or oral and once given is irrevocable.
       
       
37. Termination of tenancy for specified time or event.
    1. Where a tenancy is
       1. for a fixed term, the tenancy terminates on the date specified for termination; or
       2. stated to terminate on the occurrence of an event, the tenancy terminates on the occurrence of that event.
    2. A tenant whose tenancy terminates under subsection (1) shall immediately vacate the premises.
       
       
38. Termination after notice.
    1. A tenancy terminates where a landlord or tenant gives notice of termination of the tenancy in accordance with this Act, or with terms of the tenancy agreement.
       1. In a residential tenancy, notice of termination of a tenancy required under this Act shall be as follows—
       2. in the case of a weekly tenancy; seven days' notice;
       3. in the case of a monthly tenancy; thirty days' notice; and
    2. in the case of a tenancy from year to year; sixty days' notice.
    3. A landlord and tenant may agree to a period of notice exceeding the period specified in subsection (2).
    4. A term or condition in a tenancy providing for a lesser period of notice than that specified in subsection (2) is void.
    5. The issuance of notice of termination under sub-section (1) shall not extinguish a landlord or tenant's duties and rights under the tenancy agreement in respect of which such notice has been issued.
       
       
39. Termination by abandonment.
    1. A tenancy is considered terminated by abandonment where the tenant leaves the premises permanently without terminating the tenancy agreement.
    2. Termination by abandonment shall not prejudice the rights of the landlord to recover accrued rent and charges.
    3. Where the landlord has reasonable cause to believe that the tenant has abandoned the premises, the landlord shall give notice of fourteen days to the tenant of the landlord's intention to terminate the tenancy.
    4. Where the tenant does not reply to the notice or does not give a satisfactory explanation after the fourteen days' notice in subsection (2), the tenancy terminates.
    5. The Minister may, by regulations, prescribe the procedure for dealing with abandoned tenancies.
    6. For purposes of subsection (1), a tenant is taken to have permanently abandoned the premises where—
       1. the tenant has been absent from the premises for at least thirty consecutive days without notifying the landlord and the rent has not been paid; or
       2. at least fifteen days have passed since the rent was due and the rent remains unpaid and it appears to the landlord that the tenant has vacated the premises without the rent being paid.

40. Termination upon death of sole tenant.
    1. Where a tenant who is a single occupant of premises dies, the tenancy terminates at the earliest of the following dates—
       1. twenty-eight days after the landlord is given written notice of the death of the tenant by the legal personal representative or next of kin of the tenant;
       2. twenty-eight days after the landlord has given notice to vacate to the legal personal representative or next of kin of the tenant;
       3. a date agreed in writing between the landlord and the legal personal representative or next of kin of the tenant; or
       4. the date specified as the termination date of the tenancy by the court on the application of the landlord under subsection
    2. Where a landlord is unable to give notice to vacate under subsection (l)(b), the landlord may apply to the court for an order to terminate the tenancy.

41. Tenant or landlord may challenge termination in court.
    1. A tenant or landlord may challenge a termination of the tenancy agreement in court.
    2. Where the court finds that a termination challenged under this section was not justified or is not in accordance with this Act, the court may order the reinstatement of the tenancy or award damages or such other remedy the court considers appropriate.
    3. A tenant is liable to pay rent while he or she challenges a termination notice.
    4. A tenant or landlord who is dissatisfied with the decision of the court under subsection (2) may appeal to the appropriate court.
       
       
42. Termination notice not affected by certain factors.
    A notice of termination of a tenancy by a landlord is not affected by the landlord's acceptance of arrears of rent or compensation for the use or occupation of the premises after the landlord gives the notice of termination of the tenancy to the tenant.

43. Refusal by tenant to vacate premises after receipt of notice of termination.
    Where a tenant does not vacate the premises on the date specified in the notice of termination or upon breach, the landlord may re-enter the premises and take possession in the presence of the area local council officials and the police.

PART IX - VACATION OF PREMISES, EVICTION AND RELATED MATTERS

44. Vacation of premises on termination of tenancy.
    Where a tenancy is terminated in accordance with this Act, the tenant shall vacate the premises on the date specified in the notice of termination or such other date specified for vacation of the premises.
    
    
45. Unlawful eviction of tenant.
    1. A landlord shall not, except in accordance with this Act, or the terms of the tenancy agreement, evict a tenant from the premises or require, compel or attempt to require or compel the tenant to vacate the premises.
    2. Where a landlord evicts a tenant from the premises or requires, compels or attempts to require or compel the tenant to vacate the premises in contravention of this Act or the terms of the tenancy agreement, the tenant shall be entitled to pursue appropriate relief from a court of law, or an equivalent to three months' rent payable.
    3. Where a court finds a landlord liable under subsection (2), the court shall, in addition to any penalty imposed, order the landlord to compensate the tenant for any damages arising from the unlawful eviction.

PART X GENERAL

46. Landlord may charge fees for extra services.
    1. A landlord may charge a service fee for any extra services provided to a tenant including services relating to security, conservancy, sanitation and other amenities.
    2. For the purposes of this section, a "service fee" means an amount payable by a tenant as part of or in addition to the rent which is payable, directly or indirectly, for services, repairs, maintenance, improvements or insurance or the landlord's costs of management, and service fee varies or may vary according to the relevant costs.
    3. The relevant costs referred to in subsection (2) are the costs or estimated costs incurred or to be incurred by or on behalf of the landlord in connection with the matters for which the service fee is payable.

47. Reimbursement of costs by landlord or tenant.
    1. Where a landlord pays for anything for which the tenant is liable under this Act, the tenant shall reimburse the landlord within fourteen days after receiving a written request for reimbursement together with a copy of the receipt or other evidence of the costs incurred by the landlord.
    2. Where a tenant pays for anything for which the landlord is liable under this Act, the landlord shall reimburse the tenant within fourteen days after receiving a written request for reimbursement and a copy of the receipt or other evidence of payment.
    3. Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply ifthere is an agreement to the contrary.
       
       
48. Entry of rented premises by landlord.
    1. A landlord has a right to enter the premises together with any person who is necessary to achieve the purpose of the entry after giving the tenant written notice of at least twenty hours.
    2. A landlord who enters premises in contravention of subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred currency points.
    3. Notwithstanding subsection (1), in case of an emergency, a landlord may enter the premises without notice.

49. Landlord and tenant may act through agent.
    1. A landlord or tenant may appoint an agent to effect any transactions that may be required under this Act.
    2. Where a landlord or tenant appoints an agent, the particulars and the scope of the appointment shall be in writing and shall be made available to the tenant or landlord, as the case may be.
    3. For purposes of subsection (1), the transactions that an agent may perform include
       1. marketing the premises;
       2. drawing up tenancy agreements;
       3. collection of rent;
       4. arranging repairs and maintenance; or
       5. managing and maintaining common areas.

50. Amendment of Schedule.
    The Minister may, with the approval of Parliament, by statutory instrument, amend Schedule 1 to this Act.
    
    
51. Regulation
    1. The Minister may, by statutory instrument, make regulations generally for the better carrying into effect any of the provisions of this Act.
    2. Without limiting the general effect of subsection (1), regulations under that subsection may
       1. prescribe codes of practice to be complied with by landlords and tenants;
       2. Act Landlord and Tenant Act 2022 (b) prescribe the forms to be used for purposes of this Act;
       3. regulate the use of agents in landlord tenant relations including the licensing of agents, and the duties and responsibilities of agents;
       4. regulate mixed-use premises including specifying the nature of businesses that may be carried out in premises which are also used for human habitation;
       5. prescribe penalties in respect of the contravention of the regulations not exceeding seventy-two hundred currency points or three years imprisonment or both;
       6. prescribe penalties for continuing and repeated offences;
       7. or prescribe fees for anything done under this Act.

52. Repeal of Cap. 231 and savings.
    1. The Rent Restriction Act, Cap. 231 is repealed.
    2. Notwithstanding subsection (1 any statutory instrument made under the Rent Restriction Act which is in force immediately before the commencement of this Act, shall remain in force until revoked under this Act.

Click here to download a free PDF copy of the Landlord and Tenant Act 2022

Real estate is full of jargon (“DOM”, “HOA”, “pre qual”, etc), and it can add layers of confusion to an already convoluted process. Whether you’re buying or selling a home, we created this resource to help you learn the vocabulary.

We’ve compiled an ever growing list of real estate terms you should know to help you better understand the process and plan your move.

Commingling

Commingling is the act of mixing funds together, and conversion refers to the act of using funds for a purpose other than what they were originally intended for. For example, if the landlord were to deposit security deposit funds into the same bank account that holds his rental income, they would be commingling funds.

Adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)

With ARM loans, interest rates can change after an initial fixed rate period as they adjust based on the interest rate index the ARM is tied to (e.g., LIBOR, COFI, etc.). This loan type is less predictable than a traditional fixed rate mortgage, but it can potentially yield lower interest rates during certain periods.

Appraisal

An appraisal is required to gather the estimated value of a piece of real estate. During the home sale, the mortgage lender sends out an appraiser to get a professional opinion of the value of the property. This helps the lender decide if the property is worth the amount of the loan the potential buyer is seeking.

Appraisal contingency

An appraisal contingency is a clause that allows a buyer to dissolve a purchase agreement if a home’s appraised value is less than the sale price.

An appraiser hired by the buyer’s lender evaluates the value of the home to ensure that the loan is secured by an appropriate home value. Lenders want to ensure they are not “over paying” for a property.

As is

A property marketed in “as is” condition usually indicates that the seller is unwilling to perform most if not all repairs. It could also mean that it is priced “as is”, which is typically lower than market pricing in the area.

Finally, “as is” is in the condition at the time the offer was written, and should something happen to the property from the time the offer was written to the closing time which alters that condition, then that property is no longer “as is”, as it was, and should be brought back to its original “as is” condition at the time of offer, at the cost of seller. Or in the alternative, the seller should release the buyer from their obligation to purchase and refund the monies spent by the buyer, such as earnest money.

Backup offer

When a buyer is interested in purchasing a property that is already under contract with someone else, that buyer has an opportunity to submit a “backup offer”, in case the first transaction falls apart. A backup offer must still be negotiated and any monies, such as earnest money, submitted, to confirm it is the next offer in line. There can only be one backup offer legally, as you cannot have a backup to the backup.

Blind offer

When a buyer makes an offer on a property they haven’t seen, even when it was possible to see it, that offer is considered a “blind offer”. It is most commonly used in a highly competitive area and/or circumstance, and used as an attempt to be first and win quickly.

Buyer’s agent/listing agent

A buyer’s agent, also known as a selling agent, is a licensed real estate professional whose job is to locate a buyer’s next property, represent their interests by negotiating on behalf of that buyer to obtain the best price and purchasing scenario for that buyer as possible. This agent is a fiduciary for the buyer.

The listing agent, also known as the seller’s agent, is a licensed real estate professional whose job is to market the seller’s property, and to represent the seller’s best interest by negotiating on behalf of the seller to secure the best price and selling scenario as possible. This agent is a fiduciary for the seller.

Buyer and listing agent commissions are each a percentage of the contract price in each sale.

Covenants, conditions & restrictions (CC&Rs)

Usually, these are the rules and regulations placed on real property by a homeowner’s association (HOA), a neighborhood association, a developer, or a builder that sets forth any requirements and limitations of what a homeowner is allowed to do with the property. It may also include monthly and/or annual fees or special assessments.

Conventional sale

A conventional sale is when the property is owned outright (has no mortgage remaining) or the owner owes less on their mortgage than what the market indicates the owner could sell their property for. Such conventional sales are often smoother transactions than non conventional sales, such as foreclosures, probate related sales and short sales.

Closing

Closing is when the home sale is considered final, which typically includes all parties’ signatures on all required documents, all monies conveyed, and when a lender is involved, with full lender’s approval. For some markets across the nation, recording the deed with the county clerk’s office is the ultimate and final step of closing. Once all of these items are completed, then a buyer’s access to the property is then provided, and the buyer is considered the new homeowner.

Closing costs

Closing costs are an assortment of fees, including fees charged by: a lender, the title company, attorneys, insurance companies, taxing authorities, homeowner’s associations, real estate agents, and other closing settlement related companies. These closing costs are typically paid at the time of closing a real estate transaction.

Days on market (DOM)

DOM is defined as the number of days from the date on which the property is listed for sale on the Real Estate Database (RED) to the date when the seller has signed a contract for the sale of the property with the buyer.

A related metric is the average DOM for homes sold in a market during a specified period. A low average DOM indicates a strong market that favors sellers. A high average DOM signals a weak market that favors buyers. Seasonality can also be a factor.

Homes generally appear to sell faster in at the end of the year, since you often have more people from the diaspora looking to purchase and sell during the time when they are back for christmas holiday.

Debt to income ratio

Debt to income, or DTI, ratio is a number used by mortgage lenders which is determined by the total of your debt expenses, plus your monthly housing payment, divided by your gross monthly income, and multiplied by 100. This helps lenders determine affordability based off of their available loan programs, and allows them to estimate how much you can afford to pay monthly for a mortgage.

Lenders typically look for borrowers who pay 28 percent, or less, of their total monthly income on housing, and less than 36 percent of their income on debt payments, according to Investopedia. If either percentage is on the higher side, and you want to buy a home, you might need to adjust your budget.

Due diligence

A due diligence period of time might be available in the purchase agreement, which is a time frame provided to a buyer to fully examine a property, often by hiring experts to inspect the property, perform tests, etc., so that a buyer may decide on how to proceed.

A buyer might also be afforded an opportunity to renegotiate the contract based off of their findings or possibly even to terminate within a specified time period, in order to not be considered in default of the contract. Due diligence allows a buyer to fully understand what they are buying.

Earnest money deposit (EMD)

An earnest money deposit (EMD), sometimes referred to a “good faith deposit”, is the initial funds that a buyer is asked to put down once a seller accepts the buyer’s offer. It shows not only that the buyer is serious about buying, but that they are also willing to put their money where their mouth is.

The amount of the EMD can vary between 1 to 5 percent of the sales price. The EMD is often held by an escrow company, or as otherwise provided for under the purchase and sale agreement (PSA).

Escrow holder

The escrow holder is the agent and depositary (impartial third party) who collects the money, written instruments, documents, personal property, or other things of value to be held until the happening of specified events or the performance of described conditions, usually set forth in mutual, written instructions from the parties.

Equity

This is the investment a homeowner has in their home. To calculate equity, take the market value of the home and subtract any mortgages or liens against the property. The amount leftover is the amount of equity you have in the home.

It’s important to build equity as homeowners can leverage this financial asset to obtain loans to help finance items such as home repairs, or to pay off higher interest debt.

Hard money loans are a way to borrow without using traditional lenders. Hard money lenders finance the loan based on the property in question, not on your credit score, and typically require a large down payment and short repayment schedule.

Home sale contingency

A home sale contingency is for a buyer to indicate to a seller that part of their condition to purchase the seller’s property relies on the buyer’s ability to finalize a close on their current property. This is often negotiated with a clause in a contract or with an addendum to a contract. An example of how such a contingency can be used would be if a buyer needs to sell their property in order to have the down payment required on the purchase of the new property, or would rather use their sale proceeds instead of their savings to make the down payment. Depending on the market, it could hamper negotiations with a seller when a contingency is part of the picture.

Inspection

An inspection happens when buyers pay a licensed professional inspector to visit the home and prepare a report on its condition and any needed repairs. The inspection often happens as part of the due diligence period, so buyers can fully assess if they want to buy a particular home as is, or ask the seller to either complete or pay for certain repairs.

Inspection contingency

Also known as a “due diligence contingency,” the inspection contingency is a clause sometimes offered in a purchase agreement that grants buyers a predetermined amount of time during escrow to perform any necessary inspections.

Land lease

Traditionally, when you purchase a home, you own the home and the land the property is built on. There are some circumstances that involve a land lease, which means you would own the home while paying rent to the landowner for the land.

Loan contingency

A loan contingency is a clause or addendum (also known as a mortgage contingency) in an offer contract that allows a buyer to back out of a deal and keep their deposit if they are unable to secure a mortgage with specified terms during a fixed period of time.

Mortgage pre approval letter

Getting a mortgage pre approval letter is important because it gives home buyers an idea of what they can afford. A mortgage pre approval letter is issued by the lender and identifies the terms, loan type and loan amount the buyer qualifies for after checking the buyer’s debt to income ratios along with cash on hand and credit history.

Many sellers or their agents require a mortgage letter with any home offer that isn’t all cash, since it acts as proof the buyer has been qualified to get financing.

Multiple Listing Service (or MLS)

An MLS is a database that allows real estate agent and broker members to access and add information about properties for sale in an area. When a home is listed for sale, it gets logged into the local MLS by a listing agent. Buyer’s agents often check the MLS to see what’s on the market and what similar homes have sold for. According to RealEstaeDatabase.net, there is only one MLS in Uganda.

Offer/counter offer

Buyers make a formal offer on the home they want to purchase. The offer can be the full list price, or what you and your agent deem a fair market value.

The buyer’s agent puts the offer in writing, asks you to sign it, and then submits it to the seller’s agent. The seller might immediately accept it, in which case it becomes the parties’ purchase contract, or may make what’s known as a counter offer. It’s the art of negotiation, recorded in paperwork.

Option period

A termination option period (known as “option period”) is a form of a due diligence period, however it is only available to a buyer who separately purchases this right for a negotiable amount of money and for a negotiable period of time.

When a buyer has purchased this right to terminate, they are strongly encouraged to get all of their inspections and other due diligence performed during this option time frame, although doing so during this timing is not required.

If the buyer chooses to terminate the contract within the option period, then the earnest money shall be released back to the buyer.

Pre approval

Getting pre approved requires home buyers to fill out an application that allows a lender to determine their financial situation, including their debt to income ratio, ability to repay and credit worthiness. Once this is in hand, the lender can give the buyer a letter stating the exact loan amount they have been pre approved for along with the total sales price they are approved for.

The letter will usually indicate both the buyer’s estimated down payment along with the potential interest rate. Because it is much more thorough than a pre qualification letter, most sellers prefer to see a pre approval letter with an offer.

Preliminary report

A preliminary report reveals any issues with a title that need to be dealt with by the seller in order to deliver a clear title. It gives details such as ownership history, liens, and easements. The title company gathers this report by searching existing property records.

This report is required for a title insurance company to issue a title insurance policy. Most lenders require borrowers to purchase title insurance coverage to protect their interest in a property. It’s customary in many areas for a seller to pay for this policy, although it is a negotiable item.

Pre qualification

A pre qualification is a lender’ estimate of the amount a home buyer can expect to be approved for during the loan process. Getting pre qualified is a quick assessment by a lender of the buyer’s financial situation based solely off of what a buyer tells a lender, and not based with any proof or verifications.

Principal

The principal balance of a mortgage loan is the amount of money owed to the lender, not including interest. Say you borrow Ugx 300,000,000. That’s the principal of the loan, or what you borrowed to buy the home. Buyers pay the principal plus interest each month, although calculated on a daily basis for most loan type. Payments nearly always go toward interest first, then toward paying down the principal.

Probate sale

A probate sale happens when a homeowner dies without writing a will or leaving a property to someone. In such situations, the probate court would authorize an estate attorney, or other representative, to hire a real estate agent to sell the home. The total process will usually be a bit more complicated and therefore will take more time than a conventional sale.

Proof of funds

When you make an offer, sellers will require you to submit proof of funds. If you’re buying a house with a mortgage, it shows them that you have the cash available for your down payment and closing costs. If you’re paying all cash, your proof of funds shows you actually have the money.

The following documents qualify as proof of funds:

    Original or online bank statements with bank letterhead
    Copy of a money market account balance with bank’s logo or letterhead
    Certified financial statements, such as an income or cash flow statement that’s been signed off on by an accountant
    An open equity line of credit

Purchase and sale agreement (PSA)

A purchase and sale agreement is commonly referred to a written contract between the buyer and seller, which outlines the terms of the parties to sell and purchase real property.

When a home is “under contract” it usually signifies that the Buyer and Seller have formalized their commitment to sell and purchase the real property.

Real estate owned (REO)

Real estate owned is a designation given to properties which are owned by a lender due to an unsuccessful foreclosure sale at auction.

REO properties can sometimes present an opportunity for a buyer to be purchased for below market value as most banks would prefer to reinvest the proceeds, rather than waste time marketing the property for an extended period.

Additionally, the bank will often market the property “as is” meaning they are unwilling to make any repairs to the property, which can make financing tricky.

Realtor

An actively licensed real estate agent and Realtor are often used interchangeably, although not every real estate agent is a Realtor. A Realtor is a member of the National Association of Realtors (NAR).

A Realtor promises to uphold the Code of Ethics of the association and to hold each other accountable for when serving the public, customers, clients and each other, with a high standard of practice and care.

Rent back

Rent back, or leaseback, refers to an arrangement whereby the buyer, who is now the new homeowner, agrees to allow the seller, the now tenant, to stay in the house beyond the close of escrow. The terms are negotiated prior to the situation occurring and will often involve a lease deposit, a daily rental rate, and a length of time allowable.

The rate can sometimes be determined by looking at the new homeowner’s monthly out of pocket for the mortgage as well as the possible inconvenience this may cause them in delaying their own move, all factoring into a daily rate.

Seller concession

Sellers may offer concessions to incentivize buyers to purchase the home, or sweeten the deal.

Concessions are most readily seen as a contribution towards the buyer’s closing costs, up to certain limitations and approvals by a buyer’s lender, which ultimately leaves more money in a buyer’s pocket when all is said and done.

Seller disclosure

A seller’s disclosure is a disclosure by the seller of information about the property, or which could affect a buyer’s decision to purchase the property, all of which to the best of the seller’s knowledge.

A seller must also indicate items which are not specific to the property itself but related to a person’s enjoyment of the property, such as pest problems, property line disputes, knowledge of major construction projects in the area, military base related noises or activities, association related assessments or legal issues, unusual odors caused by a nearby factory, or even recent deaths on the property as permitted by law.

Short sale

In a short sale, the property is being sold for less than the debt secured by the property. Short sales will require the approval of the seller’s lender(s) as the proceeds of the sale will be just “short” of the amount owed; most lenders’ processes of approving short sales are long and drawn out, requiring more time to close than a traditional sale.

Subject to inspection

Subject to inspection, or “submit offers subject to inspection”, means that the seller is not allowing the property to be viewed without an accepted offer. Some common reasons for this are privacy concerns of the occupants or uncooperative tenants.

The thought of buying a property sight unseen can be daunting for the traditional buyer, which can be used to your advantage as this will inevitably drive overall interest down.

It’s also not as bad as it seems as, under the standard purchase contract, you will have an inspection period, during which you can cancel the sale with no penalty.

Tenancy in common (TIC)

Tenancy in common describes a type of joint ownership of a property, whether a single family property or a commercial building. The tenants in common all own the property, but in different ratios.

Depending on the property type will determine the ease or difficulty in securing financing. Also to note, tenants in common do not have the right to survivorship (the surviving owners do not get to split up the deceased tenant’s property interest), and instead, the deceased tenant’s ownership interest/percentage actually falls to their own estate, as defined by their will or the governing law.

Termite report

Termites are small, pale, soft bodied insects that feed on wood, and can be highly destructive. The WDI (wood destroying insect) report, also known as the Termite Report, includes a diagram of the property and the location of active and/or previous WDI activity.

The report can also and sometimes include what may be necessary to resolve such possible infestations such as spraying or tenting. The WDI report will rarely if ever include the cost for such items, as that may be considered a conflict of interest.

Title search

A title search examines public records for the history of the home, including sales, purchases, and tax and other types of liens.

Generally, a title examiner will conduct a search using title plants, and sometimes the county records, to see who is listed as the record owner of the property. Such information, along with any liens or encumbrances that are recorded against the property, will be listed in the Preliminary Report for the parties to review prior to the close of escrow.

Trust sale

A trust sale means that the home is being sold by a trustee of a living trust – and not a private party. More often than not this is because the original homeowner has passed away, or has placed their assets in a living trust.

The trustee may not be as emotionally attached to the property as a traditional owner, which could translate to them accepting a less attractive offer as the trustee may prefer to offload the property.